second messengers

Second messengers are small, readily diffusible molecules that operate in signal transduction. Second messengers relay and amplify signals received by cell-surface receptors, and are typically generated by ligand-receptor bonding. Џ animation 2nd messenger Џ

calcium ions : cAMP : ceramide : cGMP : ceramide : diacylglycerol (DAG): inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)

diacylglycerol kinases, DGKs, eicosanoids,GPCRs, GPCR family, guanyl cyclase, inositol, inositol phospholipids, InsP3, InsP3 (PKC), kinase, PIPs, phosphatase ♦ phosphatases ♦ phospholipases ♦ phosphodiesterases ♦ phosphorylases ♦ PIKK ♦ PI3K ♦ PKA ♦ PKB ♦ PKCs ♦ protein kinases ♦ phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylinositol phosphates, phospholipase A2, phospholipase C family, phospolipase C-γ, PI3K, PI3K ARF, PI3K cancer, PI3K Kit, PI3K signaling, PLC-γ, polyphosphoinositides, prostaglandins, phospholipase C (PLC), signaling molecule .

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