Glossary

Biochemistry, molecular genetics, and biology glossary terms for Companion Sites.

transposable elements

Transposable elements are relatively long DNA sequences that can act as mobile genetic elements in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes.

Transposition may result in splicing of DNA fragments into or out of the genome. During replicative transposition, the transposon is first replicated giving a new copy that is transferred to a new site, while the old copy is retained at the original site (type I transposition). Nonreplicative transposition, however, involves a transposon that is excised from a donor site and is relocated to a new site (type II transposition). Transposons normally influence the expression of the genes in proximity to their insertion sites.

Transposable elements comprise a large part of the genomes in many species. Transposons and retroposons seem to play a mechanism for biological evolution by promoting rearrangement and restructuring of genomes.

Alu elementsAlu elements : biological evolution »» Biological Evolution : cDNA : deletions »» Deletion : eukaryotic vs prokaryotic : integrase : inversions »» Inversion : inverted repeats : LINEs : LTRs : long terminal repeats : mutations »» Mutation : non-replicative transposition : recombination »» Recombination : replicative transposition : retroposons : retrotransposons : retrovirus ۰۰ retroviruses : reverse transcriptase : RT : SINEs : stable mutations : translocations »» Translocation : transposable elements ~ transposable elements : transposition types I & II : transposase : transposons : viral retroposons :

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