adenylyl cyclases
Adenylyl cyclases (adenylate cyclases) are transmembrane enzymes that cross the membrane twelve times, and which convert ATP to the second-messenger cAMP (3',5' cyclic AMP) and pyrophosphate (Pi).
Adenylyl cyclases are coincidence detectors, meaning that they are only activated by several different signals occurring together – they are modulated by G-proteins, forskolin, Ca2+/calmodulin, and other class-specific substrates.
In cell physiology research, forskolin is a vasodilator drug that is employed to elevate cAMP levels. Forskolin activates adenylyl cyclase and resensitizes cell receptors. Calmodulin (CaM) is a small, versatile, acidic protein that binds Ca2+ second messenger through CaM's four EF-hand domains (motifs).
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Adenylyl cyclases are coincidence detectors, meaning that they are only activated by several different signals occurring together – they are modulated by G-proteins, forskolin, Ca2+/calmodulin, and other class-specific substrates.
In cell physiology research, forskolin is a vasodilator drug that is employed to elevate cAMP levels. Forskolin activates adenylyl cyclase and resensitizes cell receptors. Calmodulin (CaM) is a small, versatile, acidic protein that binds Ca2+ second messenger through CaM's four EF-hand domains (motifs).
Alphabetic links to Glossary items:◦ A ◦ B ◦ C ◦ D ◦ E ◦ F ◦ G ◦ H ◦ I ◦ J ◦ K ◦ L ◦ M ◦ N ◦ O ◦ P ◦ Q ◦ R ◦ S ◦ T ◦ U ◦ V ◦ W ◦ X ◦ Y ◦ Z ◦ o-o animation index o-o diagram index o-o image index o-o micrograph index o-o table index o-o sem/tem index o-o video index .
Companion Sites : Gray Sites α Abiogenesis & Evolution √ Algorithms of Evolution ¤ Cancer סּ Cell Biology ~ Chemistry of Life Ω Complex Systems ººº Cyanobacteria ◊ Enzymes ₪ Evo Devo Ơ Fat ф Immunology »» Mechanisms of Evolution ○ Molecular Biology ** Origin of Life ◘ Paleogeology ¿ Refuting ID ǒ Serial Endosymbiosis ζζ Sleep • Stromatolites † Taxonomy Phylogeny ۰۰ Virus • White Sites Diagrams & Tables æ Eubacteria & Archaea φ Molecule → Molecular Paths ››› Pathways ☼ Photosynthesis • Black Sites Ǒ Endosymbiosis ō Organics •