V

o-o items o-o are in brief:
o-o v- o-o vacuole o-o vesicle o-o

Links to more detailed items on Companion sites:
ф vaccines סּ vacuole ₪ variation - genetic סּ vesicle סּ vinculin ¤ viral carcinogens ۰۰ viral replication ¤ v-Fos ¤ v-Sis ¤ v-Myc ¤

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v-

Retroviruses employ the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) within their capsid to replicate their RNA genome into a DNA intermediate, which can be incorporated (as a v-gene) into the host cell's DNA by an integrase enzyme.

Cellular proto-oncogenes resident in transforming retroviruses are designated as c- (cellular origin) as opposed to v- (retroviral origin).

¤ v-Fos ¤ v-Sis ¤ v-Myc ¤  Oncogenes Proto-oncogenes 

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Gray Sites • Abiogenesis & Evolution • Algorithms of Evolution • Cell Biology • Chemistry of Life • Cyanobacteria • Enzymes • Evo Devo • Immunology • Mechanisms of Evolution • Molecular Biology • Origin of Life • Paleogeology • Refuting ID • Serial Endosymbiosis • Stromatolites • Taxonomy Phylogeny • Virus • White Sites • Diagrams & Tables • Eubacteria & Archaea • Molecule • Molecular Paths • Pathways • Photosynthesis • Black Sites • Endosymbiosis • Organics •

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vacuole

Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles that serve a variety of storage, excretory, and secretory functions. Vacuoles are larger than vesicles. Many plant cells possess a large central storage vacuole, which is most obvious when partly empty. []full[]partly empty[]

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Gray Sites • Abiogenesis & Evolution • Algorithms of Evolution • Cell Biology • Chemistry of Life • Cyanobacteria • Enzymes • Evo Devo • Immunology • Mechanisms of Evolution • Molecular Biology • Origin of Life • Paleogeology • Refuting ID • Serial Endosymbiosis • Stromatolites • Taxonomy Phylogeny • Virus • White Sites • Diagrams & Tables • Eubacteria & Archaea • Molecule • Molecular Paths • Pathways • Photosynthesis • Black Sites • Endosymbiosis • Organics •

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vesicle

A vesicle is a small membrane enclosed compartment within a cell, while vacuoles are larger membrane-bound compartments.

Vesicles such as lysosomes, proteasomes, and peroxisomes function in degradation of toxic components (bacteria, damaged or short-lived proteins,metabolites).

Secretory vesicles (exosomes) are formed at the Golgi complex and transported to the cell membrane where they release their contents.

Endosomes may form at the plasma membrane by pinocytosis as clathrin-coated pits, by phagocytosis (phagosomes) or by receptor-mediated endocytosis, and are shuttled back and forth between plasma membrane and nucleus by cytoskeletal transport mechanisms, or may be transported across epithelial cells for release at the opposite membrane (transcytosis).

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Gray Sites • Abiogenesis & Evolution • Algorithms of Evolution • Cell Biology • Chemistry of Life • Cyanobacteria • Enzymes • Evo Devo • Immunology • Mechanisms of Evolution • Molecular Biology • Origin of Life • Paleogeology • Refuting ID • Serial Endosymbiosis • Stromatolites • Taxonomy Phylogeny • Virus • White Sites • Diagrams & Tables • Eubacteria & Archaea • Molecule • Molecular Paths • Pathways • Photosynthesis • Black Sites • Endosymbiosis • Organics •

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